Tannery effluent treatment and its environmental impact: a review of current practices and emerging technologies

Abstract The tannery industry plays a significant role in the economy but poses severe environmental threat due to its high water and chemical usage, leading wastewater generation with concentration of pollutants. This contains range contaminants created throughout leather manufacturing process, making effluent disposal challenge for industry. tanning process also contributes significantly pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), (COD), dissolved (TDS), concentrations T Cr, Cr(III), Cr(VI), Cl−, sulfate, sulfide, inorganic constituents wastewater. review paper provides concise overview origins characteristics post-tanning effluent, different treatment techniques, applications treated Comparing prominent technologies, adsorption advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) effectively improved biodegradability before treatment. AOPs, enzymatic, adsorption, coagulation upgraded desired levels disposal. Additionally, membrane separation have shown pertinency cases where is intended reuse, whereas hybrid technologies can be answer better cost-effective results.